Response of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to mulching practices under planted greenhouse condition

Mulch is considered a desirable management technology for conserving soil moisture, improving soil temperature and soil quality. This study aimed to investigate soil conditions and hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) performance in terms of leaf photosynthetic capacity, fruit yield and quality, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under such practices in greenhouse condition. A field experiment across 3 years was carried out with four types of mulch (without mulch [CK], wheat straw mulch [SM], plastic film mulch [FM], and combined mulch with plastic film and wheat straw [CM]). Mulch could improve soil physical properties regardless of mulch materials. FM and CM treatments improved soil moistures status and soil temperature in comparison to CK control, while SM increased soil water content and decreased soil temperature. Mulch increased leaf net photosynthesis rate (P_N), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (E), but declined instant water use efficiency (WUEi). No significant effect of mulch application on chlorophyll fluorescence was existent for the entire growth season. Fruit yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) showed some increment under all the mulch conditions. Compared to CK, the yield was enhanced by 82.3%, 65.0%, and 111.5% in 2008; 38.1%, 17.4%, and 46.5% in 2009; and 14.3%, 6.5%, and 19.6% in 2010 under SM, FM, and CM conditions, respectively. Although FM produced better fruit quality than other treatments, CM is the recommended practice for hot pepper cultivation in greenhouse condition due to working well to facilitate soil condition (moisture and temperature), plant growth, and marketable yield.     

Effect of drying on soil strength and corn emergence

Summary Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of drying on soil strength and corn emergence (Zea mays L.). Corn was germinated in Billings silty clay under a bank of heat lamps which operated 9, 14, 19, or 24 h per day. Soil strength (modules of rupture), soil moisture content and emergence were measured daily.The relationship of soil strength to corn seedling emergence as influenced by the four light and heat durations and bare and mulched soil surfaces was determined. As soil strength increased emergence decreased until it ceased at soil strengths of about 80 kPa. Strength of this soil had a high negative correlation with soil water content and increased with time. Mulching decreased initial rate of drying, decreased crust strength, and improved corn emergence. The 14-hour light and heat treatment resulted in the highest corn emergence.Contribution from Colorado State Experiment Station, USDA-ARS Snake River Conservation Research Center, and USDA-ARS Fort Collins, respectively     

水肥处理对仁用杏新品种木瓜杏生长的影响

以仁用杏品种中1年生木瓜杏树为试验材料,采用盆栽控水控肥试验的方式,研究水分、肥料以及二者之间的共同作用对木瓜杏苗木生长指标的影响。试验得出以下结果：木瓜杏具有较高的抗旱性;木瓜杏树的生长指标随水分及肥力水平的提高而逐渐升高,适量的施肥可以在干旱胁迫下有效地促进木瓜杏的生长;另外,适当的施肥可以缓解干旱胁迫对木瓜杏植株的影响,提高植株的抗旱能力。     

化控种衣剂对大豆幼苗侧根原基的发生 和内源激素含量的影响

以垦农4号为试验材料,利用垂直板发芽试验研究了化控种衣剂 (HK)和常规种衣剂(ND)对大豆幼苗侧根原基发生的影响,并对侧根原基发生过程中植物内源激素含量的动态变化进行了相应的分析。结果表明：(1)种衣剂包衣后,侧根原基发生区长度明显比对照(不包衣的种子为对照,用CK表示)增加,从大到小依次为：HK＞ND＞CK;(2)种衣剂处理加快了侧根原基的发生进程,总的趋势是HK＞ND＞CK,经F检验表明,处理和对照差异极显著;(3)侧根原基的发生状况与侧根原基发生区内源激素的含量有一定的关系,侧根的发生是几种植物内源激素相互协调、综合作用的结果,其中生长素类物质在诱导侧根原基的发生过程中起主导作用;(4)应用种衣剂可以提高侧根原基发生的数量,缩短侧根原基的发生时间,其中以化控种衣剂效果最好。     

不同商品化处理及保鲜膜包装对芦蒿冷藏效果的研究

芦蒿是以嫩茎供食的蔬菜。本试验以青杆型芦蒿为材料,研究带叶、去叶、鲜切三种商品化处理方式及0.02、0.05 mm厚度的PE膜、微孔膜三种保鲜膜包装对其(2±0.5)℃冷藏保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,去叶处理在减少VC等营养物质损耗、延缓采后纤维化及维持感官品质等方面优于带叶和鲜切处理;同时芦蒿具有较好的CO2耐受性,用厚度0.05 mm PE膜包装的保鲜效果优于另外两种保鲜膜包装。     

Effects of astragaloside on the levels of sex hormone and oxidative stress injury in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome

AIM To investigate the effects of astragaloside on the levels of sex hormone and oxidative stress in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. METHODS Female SD rats （n=60） were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, Diane-35 （0.339 2 mg/kg） group, low dose astragaloside （12.5 mg/kg） group and high dose astragaloside （50 mg/kg） group, with 12 rats in each group. The PCOS model was induced by letrozole （1 mg/kg）, which was administered by gavage once a day for 3 weeks. After administration, the estrus cycle of the rats was observed by vaginal smear, and the ovarian index was calculated. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the ovaries. Serum levels of the sex hormones testosterone （T）, estradiol （E₂）, luteinizing hormone （LH） and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） were measured by ELISA. The levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in serum and ovarian tissue were detected by colorimetry, and the protein levels of steroidogenetic acute regulatory protein （StAR） and apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in ovarian tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULT Compared with control group, the oestrous cycle of the rats in model group was disorder, and the ovarian index was increased, ovary was polycystic. The serum levels of T, LH and MDAwere significantly increased （P<0.05）, while the contents of E2, FSH and the activities of GSH-Px and SOD were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The levels of MDA, StAR, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins in ovarian tissue were significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. GSH-Px and SOD activities and Bcl-2 protein levels were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Astragalosideeffectively balances the levels of sex hormone in PCOS rats and relieves the oxidative stress injury, the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of StAR expression.     

Energy Assessement for Procedure Rationality of Recycling Materials from Wastes

The mathematical relationship for assessing total energy consumption within a material life cycle is presented in this paper. According to the relationship,the procedure rationality of recycling waste may be assessed quantitatively.     

葡萄组培苗瓶外生根技术研究

采用不同种类和浓度的生长素诱导葡萄组培苗瓶外生根，并观察组培苗在不同处理基质、不同的温度、不同的生理年龄条件下生根的效果。通过优化技术参数，建立了葡萄组培苗瓶接生根的技术优化体系，结果表明，用浓度为0.3mg/L的IBA浸蘸处理的插条，在温度为27~29℃的环境条件下在基质珍珠岩上培养，瓶苗茎段的生根率可达85.5 %，移栽后苗木的成活率达98 %，相对于其他方法有了较大的提高。该技术的建立有助于实现葡萄工厂化育苗技术的商业化扩大。     

外源激素和微量元素对茶籽萌发和生理生化变化影响的研究

茶树种子经赤霉素（ＧＡ）、乙烯利（ＣＥＰＡ）硼酸（Ｂ）、钼酸铵（Ｍｏ）、硫酸锰（Ｍｎ）和硫酸铜（Ｃｕ）溶液处理后，子叶吸水能力、持水力、呼吸速率和过氧化氢酶活性增强，可溶性糖和蔗糖含量提高，并加速子叶蛋白质的消耗和胚对蛋白质的利用，从而促进茶籽萌发生长，增加幼苗干重，提高发芽率，其中以ＧＡ１００ｐｐｍ、ＣＥＰＡ１００ｐｐｍ、Ｂ１５００ｐｐｍ，Ｍｏ１０００ｐｐｍ，Ｍｎ１０００ｐｐｍ，Ｃｕ１００ｐｐｍ     

三河马生长激素基因的克隆与序列分析

为进一步探明三河马遗传分化,参考牛(M57764)、羊(AF002110)、猪(M17704)、人(J03071)和鼠(X12630)等哺乳动物GH基因序列,设计一对特异引物,用PCR方法从三河马基因组中扩增出一条长约2kb的DNA片段。PCR产物经pGEM-Teasy载体转化感受态DH5α株大肠杆菌,获得重组克隆子。DNA测序表明:三河马生长激素基因DNA序列长1923bp,含完整的5个外显子和4个内含子,与猪、狗、牛、羊的GH的cDNA序列同源性分别为94.47%,92.63%,90.06%和90.37%。其cDNA所编码氨基酸与猪、狗、牛、羊同源性分别为97.21%,96.74%,88.84%和88.37%,表明该基因在进化过程中是保守的。